Microservices Security

Fundamentals

1. What are microservices, and how do their security needs differ from monolithic architectures?
2. Explain the concept of "security by design" in the context of microservices.
3. What are the main security challenges associated with microservices architecture?
4. How do you secure communication between microservices?
5. What is the role of an API gateway in securing microservices?

Authentication and Authorization

6. How do you handle authentication and authorization in a microservices architecture?
7. What is OAuth2, and how is it used in securing microservices?
8. Describe the use of JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for securing microservices.
9. How do you implement Single Sign-On (SSO) in a microservices environment?
10. What are the best practices for managing user roles and permissions across multiple microservices?

Data Security

11. How do you ensure data encryption in microservices?
12. What strategies do you use for securing sensitive data at rest and in transit?
13. How do you manage encryption keys in a microservices architecture?
14. What are some techniques for securing data in a distributed system?
15. How do you handle data privacy and compliance requirements (e.g., GDPR) in microservices?

Service-to-Service Security

16. How do you secure service-to-service communication within a microservices architecture?
17. What are mutual TLS (mTLS) and its role in microservices security?
18. How do you handle service discovery securely in a microservices environment?
19. Describe the use of service meshes for managing security in microservices.
20. What are the implications of using HTTP vs. HTTPS in microservices communication?

Threats and Vulnerabilities

21. What are common security vulnerabilities in microservices?
22. How do you protect against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in a microservices environment?
23. What are some strategies for mitigating the risk of SQL Injection in microservices?
24. How do you address Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in microservices?
25. How do you ensure proper input validation and sanitization in microservices?

Logging and Monitoring

26. What role does logging play in securing microservices?
27. How do you monitor security events in a microservices architecture?
28. What are the best practices for securing logs in a microservices environment?
29. How do you detect and respond to security incidents in a microservices setup?
30. What tools and technologies can be used for security monitoring in microservices?

Network Security

31. How do you secure the network traffic between microservices?
32. What are network segmentation and its benefits for microservices security?
33. How do you implement network firewalls and security groups in a microservices architecture?
34. Describe the role of network policies and access control lists (ACLs) in securing microservices.
35. What is the importance of securing API endpoints in microservices?

Security Best Practices

36. What are some best practices for securing microservices during development and deployment?
37. How do you handle secrets management and environment variables securely?
38. What is the principle of least privilege, and how does it apply to microservices?
39. How do you manage security updates and patches in a microservices environment?
40. What are the considerations for securing containerized microservices?

Compliance and Governance

41. How do you ensure compliance with security standards and regulations in a microservices architecture?
42. What are the challenges of maintaining security compliance in a distributed system?
43. How do you perform regular security audits and assessments in a microservices environment?
44. What role does DevSecOps play in microservices security?
45. How do you implement security policies and controls in a CI/CD pipeline for microservices?

Incident Response and Recovery

46. How do you prepare for and respond to security breaches in a microservices architecture?
47. What strategies do you use for incident response and recovery in microservices?
48. How do you ensure business continuity and disaster recovery in a microservices environment?
49. What are the key steps to take after a security incident involving microservices?
50. How do you communicate and report security incidents in a microservices architecture?